Current thinking and methodological advances in social and behavioral data collection will be discussed with the goal of optimizing scientific reproducibility through greater transparency. Recent investigations of scientific misconduct in the social sciences have raised questions about how social science research and qualitative research data in general are collected and shared. Replicating social science analyses and determining if results are reproducible can be difficult given the lack of information that is sometimes made available by investigators. Improving reproducibility has the potential to advance research and at the same time may have the side effect of reducing misconduct.